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The Swallowtails (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Papilioninae) of Papua Indonesia

by Jan Moonen

 

Graphium (Graphium) isander (Godman & Salvin, 1888)

ssp. imparilis (Rothschild, 1895)

Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus, 1758 Asia (Canton fide Toxopeus,1951)
Papilio sarpedon, Guérin, 1832 (nec Linné, 1758)
Papilio sarpedon, Boisduval, 1836
Papilio sarpedon, Doubl., Westw. & Hew., 1846
Papilio sarpedon, Montrouzier, 1857 Woodlark
Papilio sarpedon, Wallace, 1865
Papilio sarpedon, Koch, 1865
Papilio choredon C.& R. Felder, 1864 Australia (TL); New Guinea, Waigeu, Woodlark
Papilio choredon, Butler, 1876 N.Guinea; Cape York
Papilio choredon, Oberthür, 1880 Waigeu; Somerset, Cape York
Papilio sarpedon var. choredon Semper, 1878 Aru Is.
Papilio sarpedon choredon, Rothschild, 1895 Queensland, New South Wales; N. Guinea, Aru Isl., Waigeu; Woodlark Is.
Papilio sarpedon imparilis Rothschild, 1895 New Britain (TL), New Ireland, Duke of York
Papilio sarpedon messogis Fruhstorfer, 1907 Key & Aru (TL)
Papilio sarpedon messogis, Jordan, 1909 Key, Aru, Neu Guinea and islands around (Waigeu, d’Entrecasteaux Is., Louisiades, etc.)
Papilio sarpedon choredon, Jordan, 1909 New South Wales, Queensland
Papilio sarpedon temnus Fruhstorfer, 1907 (syn.) Deutsch Neu Guinea
Papilio sarpedon corycus Fruhstorfer, 1907 (syn.) Waigeu
Papilio sarpedon choredon, Rothschild, 1916 Wollaston exp.: Base Camp, Canoe Camp, Utakwa River 2500-3000 ft.
Graphium sarpedon choredon, D’Abrera, 1971 Aru, Kei, Misool, Salawati, Waigeu, W. Irian to Papua (= PNG), D’Entrecasteaux, Torres Strait isl., E. Australia down to southern NSW.
Graphium sarpedon choredon, Igarashi, 1979 Kai, Aru, New Guinea, Australia
Graphium sarpedon messogis, Igarashi, 1979 Bismarck (sic!)
Graphium sarpedon messogis, Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1982 Kai, Aru, New Guinea, Waigeu
Graphium sarpedon choredon, Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1982 N. S. Wales, Queensland
Graphium sarpedon choredon, Parsons, 1998 PNG (holotype Australia (Dep.?))
Graphium choredon, Page & Treadaway, 2013 Australia
Graphium isander imparilis, Page & Treadaway, 2013 Key, Aru, Waigeu, Nw. Guinea, d'Entrecasteaux Is., Woodlark, Luisiades, Vulcan Is.,Bismarck Arch.: N.Hannover, N.Ireland, N.Britain (TL), Nusa, N.Lauenburg.

 

Taxonomical note

Graphium sarpedon originally was suposed to be a widespread species with several subspecies and for most lepidopterologists these were difficult to distinguish. In 2013 Page & Treadaway plublished their studies on speciation in Graphium sarpedon and its allies. This group of former ‘sarpedon’ appears to be a group of eight sibling species: G. teredon C.& R.Felder, G. sarpedon Linnaeus, G. adonarensis Rothschild, G. milon C.& R.Felder, G. anthedon C.& R.Felder, G. jugans Rothschild, G. isander Godman & Salvin and G. choredon C.& R.Felder. In the New Guinea region G. isander occurs and appeared specific distinct from G. choredon from Australia, although there was some confusion in the past. The subspecies messogis Fruhstorfer, which occurs in Papua, appeared to be a synonym of ssp. imparilis Rothschild. So that makes the correct combination for the Papua specimens: Graphium isander imparilis (Rothschild, 1895)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sirsak, soursack or zuurzak (Annona muricata, Annonaceae) is a common foodplant of several Graphium species, including Graphium isander

fig. 1a/b (male) Dutch New Guinea, District Hollandia (Jayapura) (RMNH)

fig. 2a/b (male) Irian Jaya, Senopi (RMNH)

fig. 3a/b (female) Irian Jaya, Bomberai Peninsula (RMNH)

fig. 4a/b (female) Papua, Sinimburu (RMNH)

fig. 5a/b (female) Irian Jaya, Aramsolki (RMNH)

Distribution

 

 

 

STATUS: A very common species, widely distributed all over New Guinea.

PAPUA LOCALITIES: Biak: Sansundi (Warsa); Waigeo; Salawati; Misool; New Guinea: Aramsolki, Dafonsoro, East Tami, Fakfak, Jayapura, Kloofbivak, Kobakma, Manokwari, Miei (Wandammen), Mokwam, Nabire, Pim, Sabang, Senopi, Sinimburu, Sorong, Van Weelskamp. Details in gazetteer.

EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION: ssp. imparilis: Key, Aru, P.N.G., d'Entrecasteaux Is., Woodlark, Louisiades, Vulcan Is., Bismarck Archipelago (New Hannover, New Ireland, New Britain (TL), Nusa, New Lauenburg); ssp. impar: New Georgia (TL), Kulambangra, Gizo, Vella La Vella, Rendova; ssp. isander: Bougainville, Guadalcanal (TL), Florida, Isabel, Choiseul, Malaita, Russel, Shortland Is.

DATA SOURCES: KSP, RMNH. Literature (see below).

 

 

 

 

Literature

Collins, N.M. & M.G. Morris 1985. Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World. The IUCN Red Data Book. vii + 401 pp + 8 pls. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, U.K.
Daawia & Supeni Sufaati, 2007. Survey on food plants of larvae and butterflies of the Papilionidae at the Reserve Cyclops Mountains. Suara Serangga Papua. ed. III Jan-March 2007.
D'Abrera, B. 1971. Butterflies of the Australian Region. Lansdowne Press Pty Ltd, Melbourne: 415 pp.
Fruhstorfer, 1907. Neue Papilio-Rassen aus dem Indoaustralischen Gebiet. Ent. Zeit. 21(30):182-184 (9 nov. 1907)
Igarashi, S. 1979. Papilionidae and their early stages. (in Japanese) Vol.I Text:1-218, ill., Vol.II Plates color:1-223; bl/w:1-32; bl/w:1-102 (foodplants) Kodansha, Tokyo. (15.VIII.1979) [Graphium sarpedon (Linné) p.170]
Jordan, K. 1908-1910. Papilionidae, Papilio bis Armandia. in Seitz: Großschmetterlinge der Erde. Die Indo-Australische Tagfalter. IX:11-109,112; Pls.1-49.
Linnaeus, 1758. Systema naturae (ed. 10) 1:464
Mastrigt, H.van & E. Rosariyanto 2005. Kupu Kupu, Untuk Wilayah, Mamberamo Sampai, Peg. Cyclops. Conservation International Indonesia
Mastrigt, H.van & E. L. Warikar 2013. Kupu-Kupu untuk Wilayah, Pulau-pulau Teluk Cenderawasih Terfokus pada Numfor, Supiori, Biak dan Yapen CV. 88 Printing, Jakarta.
Moonen, J.J.M. 1998. Notes on some Papilionidae (Lepidoptera) from Indonesia. Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan 49(3):219-228. June 1998
Page, M.G.P. & C.G.Treadaway 2013. Speciation in Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus) and allies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera: Papilionidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 6:223-246; Stuttgart, 30.IV.2013
Parsons, M. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea. Their Systematics and Biology. Academic Press. San Diego, etc.
Rothschild, W. 1895. A revision of the Papilios of the Eastern Hemisphere, exclusive of Africa. Novit. zool. 2(3):167-463 pl.4 (Aug. 1895)
Rothschild, W. 1916. Lepidoptera collected by the British Ornithologists’ Union and Wollaston Expeditions in the Snow Mountains, Southern Dutch New Guinea. Reports on the collections B.O.U.exp. and W.exp. Vol.II. London, 1916 (Papilionidae p.1-4)
Saigusa, T. e.a. 1982. Phylogeny and Geographical Distribution of the Swallowtail Subgenus Graphium (LEP., Pap.) Entomologia Generalis 8(1):059-069.
Toxopeus, L.J., 1951. On the collecting localities of some Linnaean types. Idea 8(3-4):54-67
Tsukada, E. & Y.Nishiyama 1982. Papilionidae. In Tsukada, E. (ed.) Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands. 1 457 pp. Plapac Co. Ltd. Tokyo [NB Japanese edition 1980]