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The Craneflies (Diptera: Tipuloidea) of Papua Indonesia

by Pjotr Oosterbroek

Craneflies are small to very large, slender insects with long legs, elongated wings and narrow abdomen, characterized by having two anal veins reaching the margin of the wing. Adults are harmless, their mouthparts are largely reduced, so they do not feed (or sting). They can be a nuisance when they enter homes but really do not harm and only come inside because they are attracted to light. Males of certain species are often found in swarms.
Larvae are elongate cylindrical with a tough cuticle. They are usually found in various aquatic or semi-aquatic environments during most of their development, moving to margins or dryer places for pupation. Most larvae feed on decaying plant material, many Limoniinae feed on algae and the like, fungi, or fungal mycelia; most Limnophilinae are carnivorous. The most general larval habitat is more or less wet, organic soil or decaying vegetation in or along streams, lakes, swamps, marshes, and woodlands. Other habitats include drier soils, brackish habitats, intertidal zones, mosses or liverworts, decaying wood or sodden logs in streams, sandy or gravelly borders of streams, woody of fleshy fungi. Larvae of most Limoniidae construct a silken tube or cocoon for the pupae.
The ecological importance of the group is evident because they help to break down dead plant material (detritus), especially dead leaves and stems. Larvae as well as adults are also an important food source for other animals.
Worldwide there are over 15,000 described species; in Papua Indonesia some 250. A survey of all Wold species and their distribution can be found in the online
Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World.


Recorded families are Cylindrotomidae, Limoniidae and Tipulidae

Listed Papua species: 248 [202 endemic species and 9 endemic subspecies for Papua]

 

CYLINDROTOMIDAE

Stibadocerinae

Stibadocera Enderlein, 1912

nana Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

perangusta Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

 

LIMONIIDAE

Chioneinae

Amphineurus Skuse, 1890
sg. Amphineurus Skuse, 1890

polycyclus Alexander, 1961

Erioptera Meigen, 1803
sg. Erioptera Meigen, 1803

scolostyla Alexander, 1962

Gonomyia Meigen, 1818
sg. Gonomyia Meigen, 1818

irianensis Alexander, 1964 [endemic]

sg. Leiponeura Skuse, 1890

aegina Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

basicuspis Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

bicircularis Alexander, 1962 [endemic]

biserpentigera Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

cryophila Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

fuscofemorata Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

monura Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

ocypete Alexander, 1948

ophion Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

perpicta Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

pleurostriata Alexander, 1936

recurvispina Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

siculifera Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

sparsipuncta Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

Idiocera Dale, 1842
sg. Idiocera Dale, 1842

impavida (Alexander, 1948) [endemic]

Molophilus Curtis, 1833
sg. Molophilus Curtis, 1833

archboldeanus Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

celaenoleucus Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

ctenistes Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

fustiferus Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

gressittianus Alexander, 1961

habbemae Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

intactus Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

lieftincki Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

perhirtipes Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

profligatus Alexander, 1961

promeces Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

protervus Alexander, 1961

stylopappus Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

subvinnulus Alexander, 1973 [endemic]

toxopeanus Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

triepiurus Alexander, 1961

turritus Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

Styringomyia Loew, 1845

didyma Grimshaw, 1901

ensiferoides Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

fumitergata Alexander, 1964 [endemic]

multisetosa Alexander, 1964 [endemic]

phallosomica Alexander, 1964 [endemic]

platystyla Alexander, 1962 [endemic]

setifera Alexander, 1964 [endemic]

Tasiocera Skuse, 1890
sg. Tasiocera Skuse, 1890

apheles Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

wilhelminae Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

Teucholabis Osten Sacken, 1860
sg. Teucholabis Osten Sacken, 1860

aspilota Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

seticosta Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

walkeriana Alexander, 1953 [endemic]

 

Limnophilinae

Austrolimnophila Alexander, 1920
sg. Austrolimnophila Alexander, 1920

accola Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

amatrix Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

croceipennis Alexander, 1962 [endemic]

cyclopica Alexander, 1947 [endemic]

dislocata Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

eucharis Alexander, 1962 [endemic]

excelsior Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

japenensis Alexander, 1947 [endemic]

jobiensis Alexander, 1947 [endemic]

laetabunda Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

linae Alexander, 1947 [endemic]

multitergata Alexander, 1962 [endemic]

polydamas Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

superstes Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

terpsis Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

trifidula Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

wilhelminae Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

Conosia Wulp, 1880

irrorata (Wiedemann, 1828)
ssp. irrorata (Wiedemann, 1828)

Epiphragma Osten Sacken, 1860
sg. Epiphragma Osten Sacken, 1860

insperatum Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

sg. Eupolyphragma Alexander, 1948

joculator Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

multiplex Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

sg. Parepiphragma Alexander, 1960

perideles Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

sg. Uncertain

infractum Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

Gynoplistia Westwood, 1835
sg. Gynoplistia Westwood, 1835

achlys Alexander, 1959 [endemic]

bispica Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

chalybeata Alexander, 1947 [endemic]

cyanoceps Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

decacantha Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

echionis Alexander, 1959 [endemic]

flavizona Alexander, 1948
ssp. intuta Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

fulviceps Walker, 1861 [endemic]

habbemae Alexander, 1959
ssp. habbemae Alexander, 1959 [endemic]
ssp. perdistincta Alexander, 1959
[endemic]

hera Alexander, 1959 [endemic]

insolita Walker, 1865 [endemic]

jocosa Alexander, 1962 [endemic]

klamonoensis Alexander, 1951 [endemic]

latibasalis Alexander, 1951 [endemic]

leptacantha Alexander, 1959 [endemic]

leto Alexander, 1959 [endemic]

lieftinckiana Alexander, 1951 [endemic]

longifurcula Alexander, 1959 [endemic]

metajucunda Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

monozostera Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

nivicola Alexander, 1959 [endemic]

occipitalis Meijere, 1913 [endemic]

parajucunda Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

peramoena Alexander, 1959 [endemic]

plumbeicolor Alexander, 1959 [endemic]

polycantha Alexander, 1959 [endemic]

rubribasis Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

scimitar Alexander, 1936
ssp. subscimitar Alexander, 1959 [endemic]

toxopei Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

vigilans Alexander, 1951 [endemic]

waigeuensis Alexander, 1947 [endemic]

wilhelmina Alexander, 1959 [endemic]

xanthocera Alexander, 1947 [endemic]

Paralimnophila Alexander, 1921
sg. Papuaphila Alexander, 1947

angusticincta Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

apicalis (Meijere, 1913) [endemic]

contingens (Walker, 1865) [endemic]

decorata Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

holoxantha Alexander, 1962 [endemic]

perdiffusa Alexander, 1962 [endemic]

selectissima (Walker, 1864) [endemic]

sponsa Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

terminalis (Walker, 1861) [endemic]

toxopeana Alexander, 1960 [endemic]

sg. Paralimnophila Alexander, 1921

isolata (Alexander, 1947) [endemic]

 

Limoniinae

Achyrolimonia Alexander, 1965

brunneilata (Alexander, 1959) [endemic]

Atypophthalmus Brunetti, 1911
sg. Atypophthalmus

infixus (Walker, 1861)

Dapanoptera Westwood, 1881

auroatra (Walker, 1864) [endemic]

candidata (Alexander, 1942)
ssp. candidata (Alexander, 1942) [endemic]

carolina (Edwards, 1932) [endemic]

fascipennis Meijere, 1913 [endemic]

latifascia (Walker, 1865) [endemic]

meijereana (Alexander, 1942)

percelestis (Alexander, 1959) [endemic]

perdecora (Walker, 1861)

plenipennis (Walker, 1865) [endemic]

toxopaeana (Alexander, 1959) [endemic]

versteegi Meijere, 1915 [endemic]

virago (Alexander, 1959)

Dicranomyia Stephens, 1829
sg. Dicranomyia
Stephens, 1829

encharis (Alexander, 1964) [endemic]

guttula Alexander, 1915

nephelia (Alexander, 1978) [endemic]

niveifusca (Alexander, 1964) [endemic]

punctulatina (Alexander, 1960) [endemic]

sg. Euglochina Alexander, 1921

invocata (Alexander, 1948) [endemic]

novaeguineae Meijere, 1915
ssp. novaeguineae Meijere, 1915 [endemic]

sg. Idioglochina Alexander, 1921

debeauforti Meijere, 1913

Discobola Osten Sacken, 1865

calamites (Alexander, 1959) [endemic]

Elephantomyia Osten Sacken, 1860
sg. Elephantomyia
Osten Sacken, 1860

filiform (Walker, 1865) [endemic]

niveipes Alexander, 1964 [endemic]

Geranomyia Haliday, 1833

atychia (Alexander, 1964) [endemic]

conjurata (Alexander, 1937)
ssp. nelites (Alexander, 1960) [endemic]

dicranostyla (Alexander, 1964) [endemic]

hedosyne (Alexander, 1961) [endemic]

Helius Lepeletier & Serville, 1828
sg. Helius
Lepeletier & Serville, 1828

subanaemicus Alexander, 1964

sg. Rhampholimnobia Alexander, 1915

bigeminatus Alexander, 1962 [endemic]

diffusus Alexander, 1941

fenestratus Alexander, 1973 [endemic]

japenensis Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

nimbus Alexander, 1941

subreticulatus Alexander, 1962

sg. Rhyncholimonia Alexander, 1964

dicroneurus Alexander, 1964 [endemic]

Lechria Skuse, 1890

angustaxillaris Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

delicatior Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

Libnotes Westwood, 1876
sg. Laosa Edwards, 1926

joculator (Alexander, 1959) [endemic]

pavo (Alexander, 1964) [endemic]

suffalcata (Alexander, 1964) [endemic]

sg. Libnotes Westwood, 1876

alternimacula (Alexander, 1962) [endemic]

archboldeana (Alexander, 1959) [endemic]

depicta (Alexander, 1942) [endemic]

elachista (Alexander, 1971)

fastosa (Alexander, 1959)
ssp. fastosa (Alexander, 1959) [endemic]
ssp. spinteris (Alexander, 1959)
[endemic]

invicta (Alexander, 1964) [endemic]

nerissa (Alexander, 1959) [endemic]

philemon (Alexander, 1962) [endemic]

praeculta (Alexander, 1959) [endemic]

punctatissima Meijere, 1915 [endemic]

quadrifurca (Walker, 1861) [endemic]

strigivena (Walker, 1861)

subocellata (Alexander, 1959) [endemic]

tibiocincta (Alexander, 1964) [endemic]

trisignata (Walker, 1865) [endemic]

Limonia Meigen, 1803

alienata Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

dipinax Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

edax Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

Orimarga Osten Sacken, 1869
sg. Orimarga
Osten Sacken, 1869

soluta Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

spiloptera Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

Rhipidia Meigen, 1818
sg. Rhipidia
Meigen, 1818

dione (Alexander, 1964) [endemic]

Thrypticomyia Skuse, 1890

arcus (Alexander, 1964) [endemic]

carissa (Alexander, 1948) [endemic]

Toxorhina Loew, 1850
sg. Ceratocheilus
Wesche, 1910

gressitti Alexander, 1962 [endemic]

hoogstraali Alexander, 1948

imperatrix Alexander, 1948

nympha Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

tenebrica Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

toxopeana Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

trichopyga Alexander, 1962 [endemic]

sg. Toxorhina Loew, 1850

basalis Alexander, 1951 [endemic]

digitifera Alexander, 1964 [endemic]

megatricha Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

pulvinaria Alexander, 1950

Trentepohlia Bigot, 1854
sg. Mongoma
Westwood, 1881

amissa Alexander, 1964 [endemic]

australasiae Skuse, 1890

elegantissima Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

ibelensis Alexander, 1964 [endemic]

macrotrichia Alexander, 1964 [endemic]

obscura (Meijere, 1913) [endemic]

parallela Alexander, 1951

pennipes (Osten Sacken, 1888)

spinaspersa Alexander, 1964 [endemic]

subappressa Alexander, 1964 [endemic]

tenuicercus Alexander, 1964 [endemic]

sg. Trentepohlia Bigot, 1854

abronia Alexander, 1973 [endemic]

fuscomedia Alexander, 1973 [endemic]

limata Alexander, 1973 [endemic]

pictipennis Bezzi, 1916

trentepohlii (Wiedemann, 1828)

Trichoneura Loew, 1850
sg. Trichoneura
Loew, 1850

umbrosa Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

 

TIPULIDAE

Brachypremna Osten Sacken, 1887

waigeuensis Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

Dolichopeza Curtis, 1825
sg. Dolichopeza
Curtis, 1825

anthema Alexander, 1971 [endemic]

bibasis Alexander, 1971 [endemic]

distivena Alexander, 1971 [endemic]

mongas Alexander, 1971 [endemic]

nokensis Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

setistyla Alexander, 1971 [endemic]

thiasus Alexander, 1971 [endemic]

thysbe Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

sg. Nesopeza Alexander, 1914

jobiensis Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

praesultator Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

Holorusia Loew, 1863

borneensis (Brunetti, 1918)

novaeguineae (Meijere, 1913)

umbrina (Wiedemann, 1828)

Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803

atrohirsuta Alexander, 1973 [endemic]

colorata (Walker, 1865)

dimidiata (Meijere, 1904)

speculata (Meijere, 1913)

tripartita (Walker, 1861) [endemic]

walkeri Oosterbroek, 1986 [endemic]

Scamboneura Osten Sacken, 1882

curtistyla (Alexander, 1971) [endemic]

tagensis Alexander, 1961 [endemic]

Tipula Linnaeus, 1758
sg. Papuatipula
Alexander, 1935

consiliosa Alexander, 1971 [endemic]

cyclopica Alexander, 1948 [endemic]

divergens Meijere, 1913 [endemic]

gressittiana Alexander, 1971 [endemic]

lieftincki Alexander, 1971 [endemic]

meijereana Alexander, 1935

nokicola Alexander, 1953 [endemic]

omissinervis (Meijere, 1906)

pensilis Alexander, 1971 [endemic]

satirica Alexander, 1971 [endemic]

staryi Alexander, 1971 [endemic]

strictistyla Alexander, 1971 [endemic]

toxopeina Alexander, 1971 [endemic]

sg. (unplaced)

demeijerei Edwards, 1915 [endemic]

tropica Meijere, 1913

updated on 3 April 2006


Literature

Oosterbroek, P., 1989. Familie Tipulidae. In: Evenhuis, N.L. (ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of Australasia and Oceania. Bishop Museum Special Publication 86: 53-116. [= Tipulidae sensu lato, includes all three families.]